Hire 3D Design Designers in Nigeria

I'm a professional designer, experienced 3d modeler and Mechanical Engineer with a self-driven passion for Product design, Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Computer-Aided Design for Manufacturing... Read more

I'm a professional designer, experienced 3d modeler and Mechanical Engineer with a self-driven passion for Product design, Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Computer-Aided Design for Manufacturing. I am dexterous and think in terms of results and objectives to achieve assigned projects in a sustainable way with strict adherence to design standards. AREA OF SPECIALIZATION INCLUDES: ✔ Product Design ✔ Surface modeling ✔ Sculpting ✔ 3d modelling of parts and assembly design, product Rendering, Animation ✔ 2d drawing (Manufacturing drawing) ✔ Simulation of mechanical part and system (Analysis) ✔ Design for 3d printing (Additive Manufacturing) ✔ Reverse Engineering, product modification and upgrades ✔ Design Calculation and Documentation ✔ Machine Design ✔ Research and development With my good communication skills, research ability and great attention to detail, your project finds expression. Thanks.

I'm a freelance 3D artist with over five years of experience in 3D design; I've completed various projects ranging from architectural visualization to, environment art, concept art, product modeling,... Read more

I'm a freelance 3D artist with over five years of experience in 3D design; I've completed various projects ranging from architectural visualization to, environment art, concept art, product modeling, rendering, and animation. I enjoy delivering work with a high level of excellence. I do not hesitate to go the extra mile to make sure that all my clients have the best services rendered to them. I pay rapt attention to details, ensuring that nothing is left out as much as I can.

I’m a 3D designer and animator with a strong background in creating accurate models, clean visual assets, and production ready animations. My experience spans character modelling, product visualizatio... Read more

I’m a 3D designer and animator with a strong background in creating accurate models, clean visual assets, and production ready animations. My experience spans character modelling, product visualization, architectural modeling, and motion work for both digital and manufacturing purposes. I’m skilled in detailed 3D modelling, rigging, animation, rendering, and preparing files for fabrication or presentation. Over the years, I’ve completed projects ranging from character designs and short animations to product prototypes and architectural concepts. I focus on clear communication, reliable delivery, and producing work that meets both technical and artistic requirements. Whether you need a precise CAD model, a realistic render, or a polished animation, I’m equipped to support your project with efficient and professional results.

I am an architect and expert in producing both 2D and 3D drawings, modelling and rendering. I am also a professional article writer with a keen attention to details and optimimum priority for perfecti... Read more

I am an architect and expert in producing both 2D and 3D drawings, modelling and rendering. I am also a professional article writer with a keen attention to details and optimimum priority for perfection (though we say no one is perfect, but I believe one less error is a step closer to perfection) Hire me on your next project and you'll be glad you did☺.

Hello! I am a mechanical engineer (product and machine design) blessed with over 5 yrs experience in providing technical design direction on hardware, mechanical products, machine parts and components... Read more

Hello! I am a mechanical engineer (product and machine design) blessed with over 5 yrs experience in providing technical design direction on hardware, mechanical products, machine parts and components for global ISO manufacturers. Proficient at creating detailed mechanical drawings for piece parts and assemblies with AutoCAD, Autodesk inventor and solidworks. Adept in maximizing form, fit and function through meticulous design model evaluation. Gained diverse mechanical design experience spanning sheet metal/welded assembly design, product and part design.

I am an expert AutoCAD 3D Designer with drafting, modelling, and rendering skills for creating engineering drafts and 3D models.

I am an expert AutoCAD 3D Designer with drafting, modelling, and rendering skills for creating engineering drafts and 3D models.

Over the course of my career, I’ve had the privilege of working on a variety of impactful projects in the 3D design and business management space. One of my key accomplishments was leading the develop... Read more

Over the course of my career, I’ve had the privilege of working on a variety of impactful projects in the 3D design and business management space. One of my key accomplishments was leading the development of photorealistic product renders for a high-profile electronics client, which significantly boosted their marketing and sales efforts. This project required not only creative 3D modeling skills but also the ability to manage cross-functional teams and tight deadlines, ensuring both quality and efficiency. Another achievement I’m proud of was contributing to interactive AR experiences for a product launch, using tools like Unreal Engine to create immersive experiences for customers. This project demonstrated my ability to merge creativity with cutting-edge technology. In addition to my technical contributions, I’ve managed teams and guided projects from concept to completion, applying my business acumen to optimize workflows, enhance client satisfaction, and drive successful outcomes. These experiences have strengthened my leadership and problem-solving skills.

With Over 3 years of experience as a 3D artist, I bring wealth of proficiency in the creating of complex and interesting 3D Designs. I have a proven track record to be adept at leading teams and manag... Read more

With Over 3 years of experience as a 3D artist, I bring wealth of proficiency in the creating of complex and interesting 3D Designs. I have a proven track record to be adept at leading teams and managing projects from concept to final product. Coming with a strong foundation in 2D illustration, with notable success in both freelance and team-based environments, I passionately aim at delivering high-quality visual work of CAD designs, Sculpting, Experiential Booth Designs, Organic Modeling, Surface Modeling, Product Modeling etc. I am well equipped with the following skills; Modeling, UV unwrapping, Retopology, Sculpting, Conceptualization, Texturing, Lighting, Rendering, Compositing, Illustration. I also have the following as some of my accomplishments; 1. Led a team of 3D artists in delivering high-quality 3D visuals of marketing products for clients (I.e., Pernod Ricard, Nigerian Breweries, Heineken, Desperados, Yves Saint Laurent, Guinness, Coca Cola, Fanta, Jameson, Martell etc.) 2. Spearheaded projects from concept development through to final renders, overseeing the entire pipeline. I got a Bachelors in English from The University of Lagos, Nigeria.

I am a highly skilled 3D CAD designer and product development specialist with years of experience delivering high quality 3D modeling, rendering, and design solutions for global clients. My expertise... Read more

I am a highly skilled 3D CAD designer and product development specialist with years of experience delivering high quality 3D modeling, rendering, and design solutions for global clients. My expertise covers a wide range of industries, including architecture, product design, mechanical parts, furniture, interior design, footwear, fashion accessories, and amusement park layouts. Using industry leading software such as: AutoCAD, SolidWorks, Fusion 360, Blender, Rhino, and KeyShot, I bring your ideas to life with precision, creativity, and functionality. Whether you need a realistic 3D model, photorealistic rendering, technical drawings, or concept visualization, I ensure your project is handled with the highest professional standards. I am passionate about design innovation and always focus on delivering work that exceeds expectations. I combine technical knowledge with an artistic eye to create models that are both visually appealing and manufacturing-ready. What I Offer: 3D CAD Modeling & Rendering Architectural & Interior Design Product Design & Prototyping Mechanical & Technical Drawings Fashion & Footwear 3D Design Playground, Park & Amusement Layouts Why Work With Me? ✔ Fast communication and on-time delivery ✔ High attention to detail and accuracy ✔ Professional approach with client satisfaction as a priority ✔ Flexible to work on projects of any scale If you’re looking for a creative, reliable, and technically skilled CAD designer who can transform your ideas into reality, I’m here to help. Let’s create something amazing together!

Hi, I’m Akinlade Eniola, a 2D and 3D design specialist with a passion for turning ideas into visually compelling stories. Whether it’s creating detailed 3D models, eye-catching animations, or polished... Read more

Hi, I’m Akinlade Eniola, a 2D and 3D design specialist with a passion for turning ideas into visually compelling stories. Whether it’s creating detailed 3D models, eye-catching animations, or polished 2D illustrations, I love helping people bring their concepts to life. Over the years, I’ve worked with clients across various industries—from gaming and animation to architecture and product design—delivering high-quality visuals that not only look great but also serve a clear purpose. My approach is rooted in both creativity and technical skill, using tools like Blender, Maya, ZBrush, and Adobe Creative Suite to make sure every project meets the highest standards. I believe in clear communication, quick turnarounds, and a collaborative process that puts your vision first. Whether you're starting from a rough sketch or a fully developed idea, I'm here to help make it real—beautifully and efficiently.

1. Strengths, Skillsets, and Accomplishments Skilled and detail-oriented product designer with 3+ years of experience using Fusion 360 to create functional and manufacturable mechanical designs. Stron... Read more

1. Strengths, Skillsets, and Accomplishments Skilled and detail-oriented product designer with 3+ years of experience using Fusion 360 to create functional and manufacturable mechanical designs. Strong background in CNC programming and operation, with a proven ability to take ideas from concept to production. Known for delivering practical, efficient solutions tailored to client needs. Experienced in working collaboratively in innovation-driven environments with cross-functional teams. Core Skills 3D CAD Modeling (Fusion 360) CNC Machine Programming & Operation Design for Manufacturing (DFM) Product Development & Prototyping Technical Drawing & Assembly Design Client-Centered Design Approach 2. Projects, Accomplishments, and Education Notable Projects Designed an automatic frying pot with built-in control mechanisms Developed a mold-washing machine for GP tank molds used in plastic bottle production Created 3D designs for shoe soles, disposable plates, and various custom industrial components Contributed to numerous product development projects during a 2+ year tenure at Clintonel Innovation Center Accomplishments Successfully translated customer requirements into fully functional product designs Operated CNC machines with high precision to produce components from custom designs Streamlined design-to-production workflows for faster delivery and higher accuracy

I’m a 3D designer skilled in character modeling, avatars, animation-ready assets, CAD, and product design. I create precise, production ready models with clean topology and realistic materials for gam... Read more

I’m a 3D designer skilled in character modeling, avatars, animation-ready assets, CAD, and product design. I create precise, production ready models with clean topology and realistic materials for games, virtual worlds, and product visualization. My focus is on delivering accurate, high quality designs that meet professional standards for animation, manufacturing, or presentation.

I ma Professional 3D Modeling, CAD Design & Photorealistic Rendering Services Are you looking for a skilled 3D designer to bring your ideas to life with precision and creativity? You’re in the right... Read more

I ma Professional 3D Modeling, CAD Design & Photorealistic Rendering Services Are you looking for a skilled 3D designer to bring your ideas to life with precision and creativity? You’re in the right place. I specialize in 3D modeling, CAD design, and realistic rendering for product development, prototyping, and visual presentation. With strong expertise in SolidWorks, AutoCAD, Fusion 360, Rhino, and KeyShot, I deliver designs that are not only visually stunning but also accurate, functional, and ready for manufacturing. My services cover: 3D Product Modeling – consumer products, electronics, accessories, packaging, furniture, footwear, and more. CAD Design & Drafting – technical drawings, 2D to 3D conversions, assemblies, and engineering files. Photorealistic Rendering – high-quality visuals for marketing, catalogs, presentations, and investor pitches. Prototyping & Manufacturing Support – files optimized for 3D printing, CNC machining, and mass production. Why choose me? 100% accurate and detail-oriented CAD models Photorealistic visuals that make your product stand out Fast turnaround with professional communication Customized solutions tailored to your project needs Whether you need concept design, product visualization, or production-ready CAD files, I provide end-to-end 3D design solutions that help clients save time, reduce costs, and achieve market-ready results. Let’s work together to turn your ideas into high-quality 3D models and realistic renders that impress buyers, investors, and manufacturers.

Hello! I'm a skilled 3D artist with expertise in creating high-quality 3D models, renders, and animations. I specialize in 3D modeling, rendering, texturing, sculpting, product visualization, archite... Read more

Hello! I'm a skilled 3D artist with expertise in creating high-quality 3D models, renders, and animations. I specialize in 3D modeling, rendering, texturing, sculpting, product visualization, architectural visualization, and animation, with experience in both game-ready assets for Unity and Unreal Engine, as well as photorealistic archviz and product rendering. I’ve worked on a wide range of projects, from complex 3D printing models and game assets to interior design, animations, and photorealistic visualizations. I’m committed to delivering top-quality results with meticulous attention to detail, ensuring every project exceeds expectations. My Skills Include: 3D Modeling & Animation Game-ready asset creation (low/high poly, UV mapping, baking) 3D Sculpting (3D printing, characters, miniatures) Product rendering & architectural visualization Post-production in Photoshop Interior design & elevation planning 2D architectural layouts Software Expertise: Blender, ZBrush, Autodesk Maya, 3ds Max, Cinema 4D Unreal Engine, Unity Solidworks, Fusion360, Lumion, AutoCAD Adobe Photoshop & After Effects From 3D animation and character design to game assets, product models, and architectural visualization, I’m here to bring your ideas to life with fast turnaround times and competitive pricing. more services 3d animation, character animation, animation, character design, cartoon character, 3d model, 3d animation video, cartoon animation, blender, rigging, 3d design, commercial, character, character modeling, 3d, blender animation, animated music video, maya, 3d rigging, animated, cartoon music video, 3d games, pixel art, 3d product animation, 3d explainer video, animated gif, 3d music video, 3d character design, game, 3ds max, game animation, product animation, mocap, video games, animation video, 3d visualization, 3d characters, 3d videos, lowpoly, music visualizer, 3d visualizer, 3d character, avatars, vtuber, pixar, cartoon, 3d video, roblox animation, interior design, product design, 2d animation, map, map illustration, animated 3d video, anime video, music video, unity animation, music production, character modelling, 3d cartoon animation, 3d printing, 3d sculpting, 3d modeling, blender, 3d print, sculpture, zbrush, creature, 3d cartoon, 3d rendering, printing, miniature, 2d to 3d, character model, 3d printing design, stl, blender rigging, action figure, realistic character, figurine, 3d rig, realistic 3d model, weapons, costume, cosplay, armor, printables, stylized, 3d cute, sculpt, 3d sculpt, conversion, vrchat, minecraft, 3d render, vrchat model, retopology, 3d artist, game design, 3d object, anime, 3d architecture, solidworks, autocad, uv unwrap, cad, mockup design, furniture, 3d product modelling, amazon product, texture, clean up, architectural modeling, architectural design, patio, pepakura, 3d mask

Experienced 3D artist specializing in high-quality modeling, texturing, and visualization. Skilled in creating custom designs for various industries, including jewelry, product visualization, and digi... Read more

Experienced 3D artist specializing in high-quality modeling, texturing, and visualization. Skilled in creating custom designs for various industries, including jewelry, product visualization, and digital assets. With years of experience in 3D design, I bring creativity, precision, and attention to detail to every project. Let's bring your ideas to life with stunning 3D visuals!

I’m a skilled 3D modeling artist with 5 years of experience creating print-ready 3D models for products, prototypes, miniatures, character models and custom parts. I specialize in STL, OBJ, and STEP f... Read more

I’m a skilled 3D modeling artist with 5 years of experience creating print-ready 3D models for products, prototypes, miniatures, character models and custom parts. I specialize in STL, OBJ, and STEP files optimized for FDM, SLA, and SLS 3D printing. My strengths include precision modeling, clean topology, and fast delivery. I’ve worked on projects ranging from industrial components to detailed character models. I use tools like Blender, zbrush, SolidWorks, and Fusion 360 to bring ideas to life.

I am a skilled 3D designer specializing in creating realistic 3D patterns, garments, and animations tailored for fashion and product visualization. With expertise in CLO3D, Marvelous Designer, and Ado... Read more

I am a skilled 3D designer specializing in creating realistic 3D patterns, garments, and animations tailored for fashion and product visualization. With expertise in CLO3D, Marvelous Designer, and Adobe Illustrator, I deliver precise tech packs and lifelike renders that help bring your ideas to life. From detailed fabric textures to accurate garment draping and high-quality animations, I ensure every project meets industry standards and exceeds expectations. Whether you need concept development, prototyping, or presentation-ready visuals, I’m here to make your designs stand out.

I’m an embedded systems and electronics engineer with strengths in circuit design, PCB development, firmware programming, 3D designing, Product designing and real-time data acquisition systems. I enjo... Read more

I’m an embedded systems and electronics engineer with strengths in circuit design, PCB development, firmware programming, 3D designing, Product designing and real-time data acquisition systems. I enjoy solving technical problems, especially around signal integrity, EMI handling, and creating reliable hardware for real-world environments. I’ve designed and built several successful projects, including a real-time data acquisition system, a sound-capturing device, and multiple IoT and automation circuits used in production environments. I’ve also worked with microcontrollers like ESP32, STM32, Arduino, and TI devices, and I’m skilled in simulation and PCB layout tools. Academically, I’m a Physics Electronics undergraduate at the Federal University of Technology Akure, where I built my foundation in electronics, instrumentation, and embedded systems. I combine hands-on experience with a passion for continuous learning, and I take pride in delivering designs that are clean, reliable, and technically sound.

I am a proficient 2D/3D artist, I specialize in creating Realistic, Cartoonish and Stylized Arts, Characters, Environment and Objects for Game Development, 3D printing, Video Animation and others by m... Read more

I am a proficient 2D/3D artist, I specialize in creating Realistic, Cartoonish and Stylized Arts, Characters, Environment and Objects for Game Development, 3D printing, Video Animation and others by making use of software such as Blender, Maya, Zbrush, Sub painter, etc. I strive to bring my client's visions to life in the most realistic and captivating way possible. From concept development to final rendering, I am dedicated to delivering high-quality 3D designs that exceed expectations and leave a lasting impression. My service includes: Game Assets Creation 3D Printing Model Video Animation Architectural Rendering Vtuber Avatar Live2D Model Character Rigging Product Design and Rendering Logo and Banner Design 3D Vehicle Model Let's collaborate and turn your ideas into unforgettable digital art.

3D Avatar & Illustration Designer | Custom Characters & Game-Ready Models I’m a skilled 3D artist specializing in custom avatars, cartoon/game-style characters, and digital illustrations for gaming,... Read more

3D Avatar & Illustration Designer | Custom Characters & Game-Ready Models I’m a skilled 3D artist specializing in custom avatars, cartoon/game-style characters, and digital illustrations for gaming, metaverse, VRChat, animation, and branding. I bring ideas to life with professional 3D modeling, texturing, and rendering that match your vision and platform needs. Services I Provide: Unique 3D Avatars for VRChat, Metaverse & Social Platforms Game-Ready Characters (low-poly or high-poly with PBR textures) Cartoonish & Stylized 3D Illustrations Rigged Models for animation or gameplay High-Quality Renders & Concept Art ✅ Why Choose Me: Creative and detail-oriented approach Delivery in multiple formats (OBJ, FBX, GLB, PNG, etc.) Flexible revisions until you’re satisfied On-time delivery with clear communication Let’s collaborate to create eye-catching 3D avatars and illustrations that make your project stand out. Ready to start? Share your idea or reference images, and I’ll turn it into a polished 3D design tailored for you.

Hi there! I’m a dedicated 3D designer and modeler with a passion for bringing ideas to life through clean geometry, accurate detailing, and creative problem-solving. Whether it’s character design, pro... Read more

Hi there! I’m a dedicated 3D designer and modeler with a passion for bringing ideas to life through clean geometry, accurate detailing, and creative problem-solving. Whether it’s character design, product modeling, jewelry, props, or full environments, I focus on delivering models that are polished, optimized, and ready for real-world use—from rendering and animation to game engines and 3D printing. I approach every project with patience, communication, and a strong understanding of visual storytelling. My goal is to create work that not only looks great, but also functions perfectly in the client’s chosen pipeline. What I Specialize In Stylized & realistic character modeling Game-ready assets (Unity, Unreal, VRChat) Product & jewelry visualization Hard-surface and mechanical modeling 3D printable models (miniatures, props, collectibles) PBR texturing and UV unwrapping Retopology & optimization Rendering for marketing or presentation What You Can Expect From Me Clean, professional-quality modeling Fast response & smooth communication Files delivered to your exact specs (FBX, OBJ, STL, BLEND, etc.) Creative suggestions when needed A reliable partner who respects deadlines and detail I love working on unique ideas—simple or complex—and I’m always ready to help turn your concept into a finished 3D model with personality and precision. If you have a project in mind, feel free to reach out anytime. Let’s build something amazing together!

Passionate about bringing ideas to life through stunning visuals and smooth animations, I specialize in 2D and 3D design using Blender, SolidWorks, and Adobe Illustrator. With a keen eye for detail an... Read more

Passionate about bringing ideas to life through stunning visuals and smooth animations, I specialize in 2D and 3D design using Blender, SolidWorks, and Adobe Illustrator. With a keen eye for detail and a creative approach, I create high-quality animations, precise models, and compelling graphics that stand out. If it’s character animation, product design, or concept art, I turn imagination into reality with precision and artistry. Let’s create something amazing together

I'm your 3D printing model specialist! I bring your ideas to life with custom 3D designs. From figurines to prototypes, I've got you covered. Let's make your dreams a reality!

I'm your 3D printing model specialist! I bring your ideas to life with custom 3D designs. From figurines to prototypes, I've got you covered. Let's make your dreams a reality!

I am a Mechanical engineer specialized in Design engineering and product design, I love working on new and creative ideas and bringing them to life. I can provide all processes for a project to be a s... Read more

I am a Mechanical engineer specialized in Design engineering and product design, I love working on new and creative ideas and bringing them to life. I can provide all processes for a project to be a successful project, from the Design to the Prototyping and Manufacturing, I love working within team full of experience and knowledge, also to use my efficient and creative ideas to solve problems and my ability to prioritize and manage competing demands to positive ends. I can be of great assistance to your organization with mechanical engineering visions, provide solutions with quality 2D & 3D design and rendering using CAD sotwares (SolidWorks, CATIA, Fusion 360), analysis and simulations for results to help in producing better product design using CAE software(SolidWorks, Ansys, MATLAB) to bring your ideas and imaginations to life, from concept design to a fully detailed design for prototyping and manufacturing. My skills include: + Mechanical Design + CAD/CAM/CAE + 3D Modeling/ Rendering/ Animation + Product concept and Development + Simulations and Analysis (FEA/CFD/ Multibody motion analysis) + Reverse Engineering and CAD conversion + CNC Programming/G-code Programming + 3D printing/Laser Cutting + Technical Illustration and writing

I am a passionate and detail-oriented 3D professional designer with a strong foundation in visual design principles, and digital artistry. With 5 years of working experience in 3D modeling, texturing,... Read more

I am a passionate and detail-oriented 3D professional designer with a strong foundation in visual design principles, and digital artistry. With 5 years of working experience in 3D modeling, texturing, rendering, and animation. I bring creative concepts to life as you so desire according to your vision and perspective. My work spans across industries, including game design, architectural visualization, product prototyping, and animation. I specialize in creating high-quality 3D assets that are optimized for performance without compromising on quality. Whether it's designing realistic environments, stylized characters, or innovative product models, I approach every project with creativity, efficiency, and a deep understanding of industry workflows. I am proficient in industry-standard software such as Blender, Autodesk Maya, 3ds Max, ZBrush, Substance Painter, and among others. Beyond technical skill, I value collaboration, communication, and staying current with evolving trends and technologies in the 3D design space. I thrive in team-oriented environments but am equally confident working independently under tight deadlines. For me, 3D design is not just a profession, it's a craft that allows me to blend art and technology to tell compelling visual stories.

## **Muhammad Inuwa Yakub** 🚀🏗️ 🏛️ **Architect | 2D & 3D Design | Rendering Specialist** I am a passionate **architect from Nigeria** 🇳🇬 with a **BSc in Architecture** 🎓 and **5+ years of exper... Read more

## **Muhammad Inuwa Yakub** 🚀🏗️ 🏛️ **Architect | 2D & 3D Design | Rendering Specialist** I am a passionate **architect from Nigeria** 🇳🇬 with a **BSc in Architecture** 🎓 and **5+ years of experience** in **2D drafting, 3D modeling, and high-quality rendering**. I bring designs to life with precision and creativity! 🎨✨ ### **💡 What I Do Best** 📐 **2D Drafting** – Detailed plans & layouts 🏗️ **3D Modeling** – Realistic designs in SketchUp & Revit 🎨 **Rendering** – Stunning visuals with Lumion & V-Ray 🏡 **Architectural Design** – Functional & aesthetic spaces ### **🤝 Why Work With Me?** ✅ **Client-Focused** 🎯 ✅ **Technical Expertise** 💻 ✅ **Timely Delivery** ⏳ ✅ **Passion for Excellence** 🔥 🚀 **Let’s bring your ideas to life!** 🎨🏡

I am currently an engineer with High Level Tech Engineering Group in Lagos, Nigeria. I began working in High Level Tech Engineering Group in the early 2010. I received my bachelor's degree in Mechani... Read more

I am currently an engineer with High Level Tech Engineering Group in Lagos, Nigeria. I began working in High Level Tech Engineering Group in the early 2010. I received my bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Lagos at in 2009. During the past years my work has focused upon developing machine designs. My work over the past 5 years can be summarized as covering the following subjects: • the design and evaluation of inspection and maintenance programs; • machine design and development; • investigations into the effectiveness of techniques and technologies for measuring and reducing machine production. I have authored several peer-reviewed articles on machine design and have spoken at numerous conferences during the past decade. I hold two patents for machine design.