Architect vs. draftsperson: who should you hire for your next construction project? The short answer is: it depends, on quite a lot of things really, but mostly it all comes down to how big or complex the project is and the range of skills necessary to get the job done. An architect is, of course, a licensed professional in the sense that nobody can randomly call themselves an “architect” unless they have at least a bachelor’s degree in architecture, completed a lengthy paid internship, and passed a qualifying exam. On the other hand, the requirement to be a draftsperson does not include any of the above.
An associate’s degree is often enough to become one. Some draftspersons also earn a diploma or certificate to tell everyone that they actually know what they’re doing. Before we delve deeper into answering the question, let us first make clear that we’re not in any way implying that an architect is in every case a “better” hire than an unlicensed architectural drafting professional for a construction project. There is indeed a pretty substantial gap in the educational and legal requirements between an architect and a draftsperson. In terms of general design talent and architectural knowledge, though, you’ll be pleased to know that many draftspersons are no slouches either.
An architect is more qualified, alright, but sometimes hiring one can only be a good waste of money when a draftsperson has what it takes to get the job done. At Cad Crowd, we have both licensed architects and professional draftspersons for a wide range of construction projects, from small-scale remodeling and renovations to brand-new construction. Here is another thing to make clear: an architect, having passed the qualifying exam and all, is likely capable of doing everything that a draftsperson can, but not the other way around.
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This is why that colleague of yours, whose distant cousin happens to be an architect, always says that spending more to hire an architect is a safe bet, no matter the construction project. In this economy, however, sometimes you just want to spend exactly on what you need. To be certain that you hire the right professional for the right amount of money to handle the right kind of project, you need to get a grasp of the difference to begin with.
What’s what
Although data from the BLS or any statistics, for that matter, can be confusing at times, the site has done a pretty good job of making the distinction between architects and drafters. Here’s a quick summary of what it says about the two occupations.
- Architects: people who plan and design buildings and other structures. A reasonably straightforward definition, until you get to the part where the BLS mentions what an architect typically does in a project. An architect’s duties and services include client consultations, cost estimates, construction schedules, structural specifications, contract documents, construction management, and scaled drawings, among others.
- Draftsperson: Some architects refer to a draftsperson as a “CAD operator” because they like to use big words for everything. An architectural draftsperson serves a very specific purpose: to convert an architect’s design into a technical drawing. A draftsperson may work as an independent professional or under the supervision of an architect. Either way, the job of producing a technical drawing often involves enhancing an architectural plan with additional details such as utility systems layout, construction materials, timeframe, accurate measurements, assemblies, sections, and more.
Many types of construction projects require an architect because they call for all (or at least most) of the services only an architect can legally provide. That said, there are situations where hiring one is almost definitely overkill, and a draftsperson is plenty adequate.
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Hiring who?
We’re sorry to disappoint, but there isn’t really any easy answer. As mentioned earlier, it depends on the type of construction project you have and the scope of work it entails. Still, to make an informed (and the right) decision, you have to see things from both legal and design viewpoints.
Legal perspective
Every state has its own rules and regulations about the matter. For example, the California Architects Board determines that only four professions are legally qualified to provide construction and design services. They include architects, civil engineers, and structural engineers. The fourth type is uninterestingly referred to as “unlicensed persons” for some reason.
Here is the important bit. Since drafters are not categorized under the first three professions, they must be in the “unlicensed persons” group, obviously. Any of these unlicensed persons, according to the board, are allowed to handle the following construction projects without worries that someone in uniform may stop by and ask them to produce a license:
- A single-family dwelling, so long as it has no more than two stories and a basement. Also, the building can only be a wood-frame building.
- Multiple dwellings that contain up to four units. It needs to be a wood-frame house with no more than two stories and a basement.
- Garages of wood frame construction, with no more than two stories and a basement.
- Ranches and agricultural buildings of wood frame construction, unless the local authorities say otherwise, because of potential risks to public health and safety.
- Nonstructural interior modifications.
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The design limitation for licensed architects is much simpler. The CAB grants them the legal right to design any type of building, except the structural portion of a hospital. Civil engineers cannot design public schools and hospitals, whereas structural engineers practically have no design limitations. There you have it. If your construction project fits into the above criteria, an unlicensed draftsperson is probably all you need. A draftsperson is also likely more affordable than an architect, so it’s a good way to save money without cutting corners.
Design perspective
This is going to be a much trickier viewpoint. If you look only at the educational differences between a licensed architect and a draftsperson, the former is always seen as the better option. To reiterate, an architect has to have at least a bachelor’s degree in architecture, followed by a paid internship. Say the degree takes five years, and the internship runs for three, for a total of eight years. As if that’s not enough, an architect has to pass a licensing exam, which consists of at least six divisions. All in, it typically takes anywhere from 9 to 12 years for someone to become a licensed architect.
Let’s not forget about the mandatory post-licensure education to maintain that licensure. When it comes to design qualification, the long journey that a licensed architect has to go through in the career should result in an accumulation of knowledge and skills in such subjects as space planning, construction methods and techniques, MEP systems, material specifications, site design, bidding evaluation, passive heating and cooling systems, sustainable architecture, building code, zoning laws, and possibly many other specialties. An architect is certainly qualified to handle just about any construction project, regardless of scale.
The problem is that a licensed architect can be overqualified for a small project, meaning you’ll be spending money on things you don’t really need. Meanwhile, a draftsperson isn’t even a designer. Professional CAD drafters are typically people who provide, as you’ve probably expected, drafting services. The job mainly involves translating or converting design sketches into technical drawings that a contractor can understand, and acquiring permits. They DO NOT usually offer design services, but draftspersons can definitely develop the skills to become a capable designer. They learn the trades by either taking design courses or working under an architect.
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Drafters with years of experience working with clients on many different projects should have nurtured the ability to turn any simple design sketch into construction drawings. In some cases, the sketches aren’t even made by architects; the clients themselves make them. While your colleague is right about an architect being a safe bet, there’s a good chance that your project actually needs a much simpler approach that an experienced draftsperson can handle just fine. Just remember: if you decide to hire a draftsman instead of an architect for your construction project, be certain that nothing violates the “design limitations by unlicensed persons” regulations in your state.
Takeaway
Not every construction project needs a licensed architect. There are times when hiring a CAD draftsperson is the right choice, especially if you already have a clear idea of what the design will be. Always seek further information from the local authorities about the design limitations for architectural professionals. But manage your expectations. A draftsperson, even an experienced one, might not be able to offer suggestions beyond the basics of a design. These “basics” are usually much more in-depth than what the average client might think, yet still reasonably shallow compared to what an architect can come up with.
How Cad Crowd can help
Regardless of what you decide at the end of the day, Cad Crowd is here to help you connect with the right professional for your project, be it a licensed architect or an experienced draftsperson. If you find yourself indecisive, as many other clients do, Cad Crowd can provide all the guidance you need and match the project with the most qualified professional based on the project requirements, including scale, schedule, and budget. Contact us for a quote today!
