A 2-stage reduction gearbox reduces input shaft speed and increases torque in two stages, commonly used in applications requiring significant torque at lower speeds, like automotive transmissions, industrial machinery, and robotics. It consists of an input shaft, two sets of gears (pinion and driven), an intermediate shaft, and an output shaft. The first stage reduces speed and increases torque via a pinion gear driving a larger gear, and the second stage further enhances this through additional gear reduction.